Souterrain, Cnoc An Bhróigín Thoir, Co. Kerry

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Settlement Sites

Souterrain, Cnoc An Bhróigín Thoir, Co. Kerry

On the southern slopes of Knockavrogeen, on the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry, there sits a ringfort that once held secrets beneath its surface.

A souterrain is an underground stone-lined or earth-cut passage, typically associated with early medieval ringforts and thought to have served for storage, refuge, or both. On this hillside, two such passages were recorded, along with a hut-site, all set within a circular bivallate rath, meaning a ringfort defined by two concentric earthen banks. From its position, the enclosure commands views in every direction, a quality that would have made it as useful for surveillance as for settlement. None of these interior features are visible today.

The site was recorded by John Windele in 1848, and his account offers some intriguing detail. One of the two souterrains was apparently earth-cut, the other stone-built, and between them they had two entrances: one opening into the fosse, the defensive ditch running between the earthen banks, and the other situated within the ringfort's interior. Most striking of all is a passing reference to one of the structures having contained a stone bearing what Windele described as "round letters", a phrase that has led to speculation about ogham script or some other early inscription. Ogham is an early medieval alphabet used primarily in Ireland, its characters formed by lines or notches cut along a central stem, and it appears frequently on standing stones across Kerry. Whether the stone survived, was removed, or was ever firmly identified remains unclear.

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