Souterrain, Coollicknalea, Co. Galway

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Settlement Sites

Souterrain, Coollicknalea, Co. Galway

Beneath the south-western corner of a ringfort in Coollicknalea, County Galway, the ground holds the remnants of an underground passage that was once considerably more substantial than anything visible today.

What survives is a T-shaped souterrain, an early medieval stone-lined underground chamber or tunnel, typically used for storage, refuge, or both, though here much of the structure has collapsed into little more than a series of elongated hollows in the earth.

The layout, where it can still be read, is unusually large. The first chamber ran northwest to southeast, reaching a maximum length of 12.8 metres, though only the northwestern end, some 2.8 metres of it, remains intact with its drystone walling still standing. Drystone construction means the walls were built without mortar, the stones carefully selected and fitted to hold one another in place. From the point where the two chambers meet, a second passage extends northeast to southwest, stretching 17 metres in length and 3.5 metres across, making it a considerable underground space. That second chamber is now largely a linear depression, with only faint traces of walling surviving at the northeastern end of its southern side. The souterrain sits within the southwest quadrant of an associated ringfort, a circular enclosed settlement of the kind built throughout early medieval Ireland, and the two structures together suggest a settlement of some complexity and ambition, even if almost nothing of it now rises above ground level.

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