Souterrain, Farrandau, Co. Cork
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Settlement Sites
Inside the southern half of Knockdrum cashel in West Cork, an underground passage leads into a three-chambered souterrain, a type of dry-stone tunnel built during the early medieval period, typically beneath or beside a ringfort, and used variously for storage, refuge, or purposes we still do not fully understand.
What makes this particular example quietly remarkable is not its age alone, but a feature tucked into the far end of its innermost chamber: a flat stone slab raised eighteen inches off the floor on two supporting stones, beneath which excavators found charred material, and above which a funnel-shaped shaft cuts upward through earth and rock. Whoever built this structure appears to have incorporated something functioning as a fireplace and chimney into a space usually associated with cold storage and concealment.
The souterrain was discovered in 1875, with an account published two years later in the Transactions of the Clifton College Scientific Society. It was excavated in 1931 by Somerville, whose report documented the construction in some detail. The entrance is framed by a lintel and two jamb-stones, a relatively formal threshold for what lies beyond. The passage and northern end of the first chamber are cut directly into rock and roofed with capstones, while the southern end of that same chamber shifts to an earth-cut construction with stone-built walling. Chambers two and three have rock-cut floors and lower walls, with the upper portions of the walls and ceilings cut from earth rather than stone. This mix of techniques, varying as conditions of the ground demanded, is fairly typical of Irish souterrains, though the chimney feature remains unusual. The Office of Public Works carried out restoration work in 1930, a year before the formal excavation was published.