Souterrain, Gurteenroe, Co. Cork
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Settlement Sites
Beneath a quiet corner of Gurteenroe in West Cork, there is a small underground structure that nobody knew about until a house was built beside it in 1936.
The disturbance of construction work near a local ringfort, the circular earthwork enclosure typical of early medieval Irish farmsteads, brought to light a souterrain, an underground passage or series of chambers cut into the earth, most likely used for storage or as a place of refuge. Nothing on the surface today gives any indication it is there.
Once discovered, the souterrain was surveyed by C. Chevasse, whose account was later cited by McCarthy in 1977. The structure consists of three chambers, all cut directly into the earth rather than lined with stone, and roughly rectangular in shape. They are connected by creepways, low narrow passages that would have required a person to crouch or crawl to pass through, a feature common to Irish souterrains and thought to serve as a defensive measure against anyone attempting to enter by force. The chambers are modest in scale: the first measures roughly 2.1 metres long, 0.8 metres wide, and less than a metre high; the second is slightly longer and similarly low; the third is the smallest of the three. The association with the nearby ringfort, recorded separately, strongly suggests this souterrain formed part of the same early medieval farmstead complex, likely used by whoever occupied that enclosure.