Souterrain, Higginstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Settlement Sites
In a field of gently undulating pasture in County Westmeath, the ground itself tells a story, though you would have to know what you were looking at to read it.
What appears to be an irregular Y-shaped depression, branching across the grass in three directions, is almost certainly the ghost of something that once ran beneath the surface. The collapsed roof of a souterrain, a roofed underground passage typically constructed in early medieval Ireland for storage or refuge, has subsided into the earth, leaving its outline pressed into the turf like a negative space.
The depression sits in the north-east sector of a ringfort, the kind of circular enclosure that was the basic unit of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, usually the fortified homestead of a farming family. The souterrain's collapsed form measures roughly 5.2 metres on its north-north-west to south-south-east arm, 5.3 metres east to west, and 4.7 metres on the west-south-west to east-north-east branch, with widths ranging from around 1.5 to 3 metres and depths between 0.2 and 3 metres. The three-armed shape suggests a branching passage system beneath, though the roof failure means the interior can no longer be directly observed. Souterrains were commonly built from dry-stone lintels laid over cut passages, and when those lintels give way, this kind of trench-like scar is what they leave behind.
The site occupies a slight rise in the landscape, with open views in all directions, which would have made the ringfort itself a practical choice of location for whoever settled here. The souterrain is classified as a possible rather than confirmed example, given that the underground passage can no longer be accessed or fully verified.