Souterrain, Tullyneasky, Co. Cork

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Settlement Sites

Souterrain, Tullyneasky, Co. Cork

A silage pit is not normally where you would expect to find evidence of early medieval life, but that is precisely what happened at Tullyneasky in County Cork in 1982, when construction work broke through into a pair of underground chambers that had lain undisturbed in the ground for centuries.

The find was accidental, the damage considerable, and the survival partial, but what remained was recognisably a souterrain, an earth-cut or stone-lined underground passage or chamber used during the early medieval period, most likely for storage or refuge.

The souterrain sits in the northern half of a ringfort, the circular enclosed settlements that were the dominant form of rural habitation in Ireland between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. The two earth-cut chambers were badly damaged by the time they were recorded, but their basic form was still legible. The original entrance had been through the second chamber, which measured a maximum of 1.5 metres in length and 1.2 metres in width. The first chamber was slightly larger, at 2.8 metres long and around a metre wide, with a maximum height of one metre, low enough to require crouching. Construction shafts were identified in the northern walls of both chambers, a detail that gives some sense of how the structure was dug out from above before being sealed over. The dimensions and details were communicated by R. M. Cleary.

Given the damage sustained during discovery and the modest scale of what survived, there is little visible at the surface today. The interest here lies less in what can be seen and more in what the find represents: a reminder that ordinary farm work across Ireland continues, intermittently and without ceremony, to intersect with a much older landscape just beneath the soil.

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