Stone circle - five-stone, Rosnascalp, Co. Cork

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Stone Monuments

Stone circle – five-stone, Rosnascalp, Co. Cork

On the north bank of the River Lee, where the water curves through rolling pasture at Rosnascalp in County Cork, a small prehistoric monument sits in near-complete condition.

It is a five-stone circle, a type of monument particular to the Cork and Kerry region, typically consisting of four upright orthostats arranged in an arc with a single recumbent or portal stone marking the entrance. What makes five-stone circles quietly remarkable is their compactness; this one has an internal measurement of roughly three metres along its main axis, which means the whole structure could comfortably fit inside a modest living room. Two of the five stones have fallen, the western entrance stone and the eastern side stone, but the circle itself is otherwise intact, its surviving uprights ranging from about sixty centimetres to ninety centimetres in height and composed of slabs between ninety centimetres and one and a half metres in length.

The alignment of the circle runs north to south, which is consistent with the broader tradition of five-stone circles in this part of Munster, where orientation appears to have been a deliberate concern for their Bronze Age builders. The site was recorded by the archaeologist Seán Ó Nualláin, whose systematic survey of Cork and Kerry stone circles in the 1980s brought many of these modest but carefully constructed monuments to wider scholarly attention. Unlike the more widely visited multiple-stone circles of west Cork, the five-stone examples tend to cluster in the middle of the county, occupying farmland that has been continuously worked for millennia, which is perhaps why so many survive at all: they were small enough to plough around rather than dismantle.

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