Structure, Beheenagh, Co. Kerry

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Utility Structures

Structure, Beheenagh, Co. Kerry

At a promontory fort in Beheenagh, County Kerry, the walls themselves are only part of the puzzle.

Clustered against and around them are between four and five small sub-rectangular or D-shaped structures, some pressing against the inner face of the enclosing wall, others huddled outside it near the southern entrance. They survive not as upstanding buildings but as depressions in the ground, their outlines traceable in collapsed walling, their interiors sunk below the surrounding surface. The largest of the internal structures measures roughly 2.25 metres by 1.6 metres across, and sits about 1.2 metres deep. One external D-shaped foundation to the north of the southern entrance measures 2 metres by 2.75 metres, with wall remains still standing up to 0.4 metres in places. A further depression to the south of the same entrance may, according to earlier survey work, be nothing more ancient than a sheep-shelter.

The uncertainty over how many structures actually exist here is itself part of what makes the site interesting. Elizabeth Cuppage, writing in 1986 as part of the Archaeological Survey of the Dingle Peninsula, counted four or five but illustrated only four on her published plan. It was an earlier source, a 1899 article by P.J. Lynch, that appears to account for the fifth, showing it to the south of the southern entrance and abutting the outside of the promontory wall. A promontory fort, for those unfamiliar with the type, is an enclosure that uses a natural headland or spur of land as its defensive boundary on two or more sides, with a constructed wall closing off the landward approach. The small D-shaped structures attached to such walls are a recognised feature of early Irish enclosures, though their precise function, whether as storage, shelters, or something else, is rarely clear-cut. Here, reconciling the two plans with the physical remains on the ground requires, as researchers have noted, an actual visit and close inspection rather than confident armchair identification.

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