Structure, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin

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Utility Structures

Structure, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin

When archaeologists excavated a stretch of Station Road in Portmarnock, County Dublin, they found something easy to overlook on a modern suburban street: the ghost of an entire later medieval neighbourhood, laid out in orderly plots and still legible beneath the ground.

What drew particular attention within that settlement was a single rectangular building, modest in scale at 8.5 metres by 6 metres, in the centre of which someone had deliberately placed a horse skull. Whether this was practical, ritual, or simply the disposal of a carcass is not recorded anywhere the evidence can confirm. It is the kind of detail that resists tidy explanation.

The excavation, carried out under licence number 08E0376, uncovered a settlement measuring roughly 50 to 70 metres north to south and 110 metres across, divided into six property plots by linear ditches. In medieval land use, a toft was the plot immediately attached to a dwelling, while the croft was the cultivated ground behind it; here, that familiar division was clearly preserved. The structure in question sat at the northern, front end of Plot 3, itself defined by a series of shallow inter-cutting ditches. Inside the building, two rooms were separated by an internal wall. The southern room had low foundation walls and a packed clay floor, with two distinct areas of burning. The second room, defined by an L-shaped wall that had been heavily truncated by later activity, had a metalled floor, meaning one surfaced with compacted stone or gravel to create a hard-wearing finish. Pottery recovered from the building included Leinster Cooking ware and Dublin wares, both common to the region in the later medieval period. Charcoal from the floor deposit came from oak and blackthorn, while plant remains pointed to barley, wheat, oat, garden pea, and other legumes. Radiocarbon analysis of the oak charcoal placed the main occupation somewhere between approximately AD 1491 and 1641, suggesting the settlement was most active during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Nothing of this structure remains visible above ground; it exists now only in the archaeological record and in the National Monuments database entry compiled by Christine Baker. The site at Station Road is in a built-up suburban area, so there is no earthwork to visit or field to walk. The value here is in the documentation itself, which preserves the plan of a working medieval household, its foods, its ceramics, its fuel sources, and one unexplained skull on a clay floor.

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