Tomb - effigial, Kilfenora, Co. Clare

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Tombs & Memorials

Tomb – effigial, Kilfenora, Co. Clare

Just inside the porch of Kilfenora's Church of Ireland church, propped upright against the wall, is a medieval tombstone that has spent centuries moving around the building it was made to commemorate.

Slightly tapering, carved from stone, it bears the incised image of a bishop in full vestments, and it holds a distinction that sets it apart from every other piece of medieval funerary sculpture in Ireland: the crosier held by the carved figure is the only depiction in the country of an out-turned crozier of Irish form.

The slab dates to the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century, placing it in the era when Kilfenora functioned as a cathedral, the seat of one of Ireland's smallest dioceses. The figure carved upon it was described in detail by the art historian John Hunt in 1974. The bishop is shown wearing mass vestments, including a chasuble, a dalmatic, and an alb, the layered liturgical garments worn for the celebration of Mass, each decorated with incised ornament. His mitre has an ornamented browband, and the infulae, the two ribbons that hang from the back of a bishop's mitre, are visible behind his neck. He wears pointed shoes. The crozier he carries has four knops, the rounded protrusions along the staff, and a crook of native Irish form surmounted by a cresting. That particular shape, an out-turned crook rather than the more familiar curled form, appears nowhere else in Irish effigial sculpture. At some point the slab was incorporated into the sedilia, the recessed seats used by clergy along the chancel wall, though even that was not its original position. It has since been moved again, to its present location in the porch of the church that now occupies the nave of the former cathedral.

The slab stands where it can be seen without ceremony, no barrier or case between the visitor and one of the more precisely documented pieces of medieval stone carving in County Clare. The cathedral complex at Kilfenora contains several other medieval carvings and high crosses in the surrounding grounds, so the porch slab sits within a broader concentration of material that rewards careful looking rather than a quick glance.

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