Water mill, Baggotstown, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Mills
On the banks of the Morningstar River in County Limerick, there is almost nothing left to see.
No wheel, no millstone, no wall. What remains of a watermill that once ground grain here is, at most, a low ridge in the earth, a faint linear earthwork that aerial photography has tentatively identified as the channel of a mill-race. A mill-race is the artificial cut that diverts water from a river to drive a mill wheel, and here the arrangement appears to have drawn water from the river to the south, passed it through the mill site, and returned it to the river to the north. That the channel survives at all, however faintly, is more than the building itself managed.
The mills at Baggotstown appear in the 1654 to 1656 Civil Survey of Limerick, a detailed Cromwellian-era land census compiled to record Irish landholdings ahead of their redistribution. The survey noted that on the lands of Maurice Baggott of Baggotstown there stood a castle, ten cabins, and two mills. The watermill is also depicted on the 1657 Down Survey map of Any Parish, a parish-level mapping project carried out under the direction of William Petty following the same Cromwellian settlement, and held today in the National Library of Ireland as MS 718. A building shown to the north of a corn mill on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1840 may correspond to that second mill recorded in the Civil Survey. The corn mill's position on the later OS map aligns closely with the watermill's location on Petty's survey, offering a reasonable thread of continuity across two centuries of cartography.
There are no surface remains of any mill building visible on aerial photography of the site today. A visitor coming here would find open ground near the Morningstar River rather than any standing structure, and locating the earthwork of the mill-race would require close attention to the landscape rather than any obvious feature. The site is of interest less as somewhere to stand and look than as an exercise in reading absences, comparing the 1657 Down Survey image against the faint ground-level traces that survive. Anyone with an interest in early modern land surveys or the archaeology of vernacular industry in Munster would find the documentary record, assembled by Caimin O'Brien and uploaded to the national monuments archive in March 2020, more revealing than the field itself.