Rath, Ballindrumma, Co. Waterford
Somewhere in the townland of Ballindrumma, a lime kiln sits wedged inside the defensive ditch of a ringfort that is roughly fifteen centuries its senior. The kiln, built directly into the fosse, the outer ditch that once helped define the boundary of this early medieval enclosure, is a small collision of two very different eras of land use, and the kind of detail that rewards a closer look at what might otherwise pass for an unremarkable grassy mound.
The rath itself is a subcircular enclosure measuring approximately 47 metres east to west and 40 metres north to south, defined by an earthen bank and that outer fosse on its southern and western sides. A ringfort, to give it the more familiar name, was typically a farmstead of the early medieval period, its bank and ditch serving as much to pen livestock and signal status as to provide serious fortification. Here, the bank survives best at the south, where its external face still rises between 1.2 and 2.2 metres, but elsewhere it has been worn down to little more than a scarp, reaching a maximum height of around 0.9 metres along the western and north-eastern arc. The fosse, around 2.5 metres wide at the base in places, drops to between 0.5 and 1.6 metres deep at the south, where the lime kiln, a stone-built structure once used to burn limestone into agricultural quicklime, was inserted at some later point, partially filling and obscuring the original earthwork. Inside the enclosure, there is also a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage of the kind commonly associated with ringforts, likely used for storage or as a place of refuge.