Ringfort (Cashel), Kilmore, Co. Kerry

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Ringfort (Cashel), Kilmore, Co. Kerry

When early Ordnance Survey mappers passed through Kilmore in north Kerry in 1841 and 1842, they noted a circular enclosure on a low rise and, intriguingly, marked a 'cave' in its interior.

That cave was almost certainly a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber system used in early medieval Ireland for storage and occasional refuge. By the time a revised map was produced in 1915 and 1916, part of the site had already been lost: the western section of the fort had been levelled. What survives today is a semi-circular stone bank, roughly half the original circuit, enclosing the collapsed remnants of that same subterranean structure the Victorian surveyors had noted.

The site is a cashel, a ringfort built primarily from stone rather than earth, and it sits on a gentle rise with the land falling away to the north-east. The internal diameter runs to just under thirty metres north to south. In the north-eastern quadrant of the interior, three stone-lined depressions remain visible, the surviving chambers of the collapsed souterrain, measuring roughly four by two metres, three by three and a half metres, and eight by one and a half metres respectively. To the west of these lies an elongated mound of around six by three metres. The enclosing bank, about three metres wide at its base, still stands to roughly eighty centimetres in height both inside and out. A slight fosse, a shallow defensive ditch, runs to the north-east, and an outer bank beyond it extends for twenty metres. Stranger still is a three-pointed enclosure that curves around the northern and eastern sides of the inner bank, sitting about eight metres out from the outer bank. Its angular, non-circular form does not match the typical ringfort plan, and may represent a later addition or a separate phase of use at the site.

A trackway runs immediately to the west of the enclosure, which hints that the site may have retained some practical significance in the landscape long after its original occupation ended. The three-pointed enclosure in particular rewards careful attention on the ground, its low banks easy to miss but geometrically distinct from the curved inner works once you know what to look for.

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