Ringfort (Rath), An Fearann, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), An Fearann, Co. Kerry

About a hundred metres from the western shore of Brandon Bay, on a south-east facing slope in An Fearann, there is a ringfort that is less a single ruin than a compressed settlement, its interior almost entirely consumed by the stone huts that once stood inside it.

What makes the site unusual is not its enclosing bank, which is fairly typical of an early medieval univallate rath, meaning a ringfort enclosed by a single earthen bank and ditch, but the density of domestic structures packed within its twenty-one-metre diameter. Three huts are confirmed; a fourth is possible, suggested only by a short arc of walling a single course high.

The enclosing bank was originally revetted, or faced, with drystone masonry on both its inner and outer sides, a technique that gave the earthwork a cleaner edge and helped it hold its shape. That stonework now survives intact for only two short stretches, the rest having collapsed into spreads of loose material along both faces. The bank itself behaves differently depending on which side you measure it from: on the upslope north-western side it stands 1.3 metres high internally but only 0.45 metres externally, while to the south-east the proportions reverse dramatically, with 2.3 metres visible on the outside and just 0.5 metres inside. The entrance, facing east and roughly 3.5 metres wide, is now an ill-defined gap cluttered with fallen stone. Inside, three definite circular hut foundations extend north to south across the enclosure, with a narrow gap of just 1.4 metres between the two northernmost ones providing the only passage between the eastern and western portions of the site. The largest hut, centrally placed and nearly five metres in internal diameter, has drystone walls surviving to just under a metre; at some later point a secondary wall was added across its interior, most likely to convert the already ruined structure into a simple animal shelter or fold. A second hut adjoins both the central one and the enclosing bank, its entrance apparently having faced north-west. A third, pressed against the bank at the north, is now little more than a shallow depression ringed by a low stony bank. The possible fourth structure, if it existed, was immediately adjacent to the third. The site was documented by J. Cuppage in the 1986 Dingle Peninsula archaeological survey.

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