Ringfort (Rath), Ballyhennessy, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyhennessy, Co. Kerry

What survives of this ringfort at Ballyhennessy is, in a sense, more interesting for what is missing than for what remains.

Of an original circular enclosure some 34 metres across, only a partial arc now exists, running from the west through north to east, the southern half of the circuit having been entirely levelled. What you can still read in the landscape is a low, wide bank, up to 14 metres across and rising between one and three and a half metres in places, along with a faint exterior fosse, the shallow defensive ditch that would once have ringed the whole structure. That fosse, traceable from north to northeast, is around 5 metres wide and barely 0.4 metres deep today, barely a scar.

A rath is the Irish term for a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead built and used throughout early medieval Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. They were not primarily military structures; most served as homesteads for farming families, the surrounding bank and ditch providing a degree of security for livestock and household. This example is described as univallate, meaning it had a single enclosing bank rather than the double or triple rings seen at more elaborate sites. It appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of 1841 to 1842 and again on those of 1914 to 1915, which tells us the earthwork was still a recognisable feature of the landscape well into the twentieth century, even if agricultural pressure has since reduced much of it. C. Toal documented the site in the North Kerry Archaeological Survey, published in 1995, by which point the southern portion had already been lost.

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