Ringfort (Rath), Bishopscourt, Co. Kerry
Co. Kerry |
Ringforts
Most ringforts, the roughly circular earthwork enclosures that dot the Irish countryside in their thousands, announce themselves with a clean, unbroken bank.
The one at Bishopscourt in north Kerry does something slightly different. Its enclosing earthwork is interrupted by numerous gaps, particularly along the eastern side, which on first inspection might suggest a tumbledown entrance or a dramatic breach in the defences. Look more closely, though, and the explanation is considerably more mundane: the breaks are almost certainly cattle gaps, knocked through over centuries by farmers moving livestock in and out of what would have become, in later life, a convenient field enclosure.
The site is a rath, the most common type of ringfort, typically built during the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, and understood to have served as a farmstead or family enclosure rather than a military fortification. This particular example is described as sub-rectangular rather than truly circular, a distinction that places it in a less common morphological category. Its outer dimensions run to approximately 48 metres by 50 metres, with an interior diameter of around 42 metres in both directions. The enclosing bank is built of earth and stone combined, standing about 1.8 metres high on its outer face and somewhat lower on the inner side, with a base width of roughly 4 metres. The site sits on gently elevated ground in north Kerry, and from within the enclosure there are clear views across the surrounding landscape, the kind of modest but deliberate positioning that characterises so many of these sites. The interior floor slopes gently eastward. Caroline Toal documented the site in the North Kerry Archaeological Survey, published in 1995.