Ringfort (Rath), Carrickbanagher, Co. Sligo

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Ringfort (Rath), Carrickbanagher, Co. Sligo

What makes this ringfort in Carrickbanagher unusual is not any single dramatic feature but the way it works with its landscape rather than simply sitting on top of it.

The builders chose a steep-sided rocky knoll at the south-eastern end of a ridge, and the knoll itself does much of the defensive work. The result is a rath with a two-tiered profile: a flat oval enclosure at the summit, measuring roughly 26 metres north-east to south-west and 17.5 metres across, defined by a steep scarp some 2.6 metres high, which drops down to a broad terrace or berm between four and six metres wide, before the natural slope of the knoll falls away sharply for several metres more. Exposed limestone bedrock breaks through the scarp at the south-east and south-west, meaning the ground itself became part of the boundary. A rath, in general terms, is an earthen ringfort of early medieval date, typically enclosing a farmstead, and though they were once thought to be purely defensive, they are now understood to have served as much as markers of social status.

The entrance, just two metres wide, faces north-north-east, and a low stony bank runs along the top of the scarp on either side of it. Inside, a handful of large stones protrude from the sod roughly five metres south-west of the entrance, though what they once formed remains unclear. A hollow in the north-east of the interior, roughly eight by six metres and half a metre deep, is most likely the result of recent disturbance rather than any original feature. More intriguing is the possible souterrain recorded in the south-east quadrant. A souterrain is an underground passage or chamber, usually stone-lined, associated with early medieval settlement sites across Ireland, and often interpreted as a place of refuge or storage. The rath does not stand in isolation on this ridge. Around 200 metres to the north-north-west lies a cashel, a ringfort built from stone rather than earth and bank, and to the south the site is overlooked by a higher ridge carrying a hilltop enclosure known locally as 'The Cashel', approximately 190 metres to the north-north-west. The clustering of these monuments along and around the same ridge suggests this was a landscape of some significance during the early medieval period, with different enclosure types in close and presumably deliberate proximity.

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