Ringfort (Rath), Cloghauninchy, Co. Clare

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cloghauninchy, Co. Clare

On a gentle north-west-facing slope in Cloghauninchy, County Clare, a nearly perfect circle of raised ground sits quietly in the landscape, its origins stretching back more than a thousand years.

What looks at first like a natural undulation in the field is, on closer inspection, the carefully engineered remains of a rath, the most common type of early medieval settlement in Ireland. Raths, or ringforts, were typically enclosed farmsteads, home to a single family and their livestock, defined by one or more earthen banks thrown up from an encircling ditch.

This example is a substantial one. The interior measures roughly 45 metres east to west and 42 metres north to south, and the enclosing bank is wide, between nine and ten metres across, rising to an internal height of around 1.2 to 1.7 metres. On the northern arc it reaches an external height of 2.65 metres, suggesting either deliberate reinforcement on that exposed side or simply better preservation where the ground has been less disturbed. Beyond the bank runs a flat-bottomed fosse, the outer ditch that would originally have made the whole enclosure more formidable; its base is between 4.6 and five metres wide, though it has silted and flattened considerably over the centuries. No clear entrance survives. At the east-north-east, a stretch of roughly 14 metres shows damage to the bank, with spoil obscuring the fosse, which may mark the site of an original gap that was later broken down or filled in, though it is equally possible the damage is more recent.

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