Ringfort (Rath), Cummeenboy, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cummeenboy, Co. Kerry

At the top of a low hill on the eastern edge of the Cummeenboy stream valley, someone long ago built a defended enclosure and then dug a passage beneath it.

The passage is still there. Known as a souterrain, this type of underground stone-lined tunnel or chamber was commonly incorporated into ringforts during the early medieval period in Ireland, probably serving for storage, refuge, or both. Its presence at the centre of this particular rath gives the site a quietly layered quality: the world above ground, the world below, and the long stretch of time connecting them.

The ringfort itself is roughly circular, measuring about 38 metres east to west and 34 metres north to south. A rath, to use the Irish term, is an earthen ringfort, defined by a bank and an external fosse, the fosse being a dug ditch that provided both material for the bank and an added obstacle to anyone approaching. Here, the bank survives to an external height of around 2.1 metres along its western to eastern arc, though it drops to just 0.6 metres on the interior face. The fosse ranges between 1.3 and 1.8 metres wide, widening as it curves towards the north-east. The interior ground is raised above the surrounding landscape, a typical feature of these enclosures and one that would have made the settlement feel more commanding even on modest terrain. Not everything has survived intact: farm roads cut through the south-west and south-east have removed sections of the bank, leaving a scarp in their place, and cattle have worn small breaks through what remains.

The site sits in pasture, and the working farm around it has clearly shaped what can be seen today. The partial removal of the bank and the cattle-breaks through it are reminders that these monuments have rarely been treated as monuments at all, existing instead as boundaries and obstacles that farmers have negotiated around or through for generations. The souterrain at the centre remains the most intriguing element, its exact extent underground unspecified in surviving records, which is perhaps the most compelling thing about it.

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