Ringfort (Rath), Fieries, Co. Kerry
Co. Kerry |
Ringforts
Between Farranfore and Castleisland, in the low-lying farmland of Fieries in County Kerry, there sits a rath, one of the thousands of circular earthwork enclosures that punctuate the Irish countryside so regularly that they have become almost invisible.
Almost. A rath, sometimes called a ringfort, is a roughly circular area enclosed by one or more banks and ditches, built predominantly during the early medieval period, roughly between 500 and 1000 AD, and used as a defended farmstead or high-status residence. Ireland has somewhere in the region of 45,000 surviving examples, yet each one represents a specific family, a specific piece of land, a decision made by particular people in a particular century about where and how to live.
The Fieries rath sits within a landscape that has been farmed continuously for millennia. Kerry's inland plains, sheltered by the mountains to the south and west, were attractive to early medieval communities precisely because the ground was workable and the grazing reliable. Raths in this part of Munster often served as the homes of free farmers, known in Old Irish legal texts as bóaire, men of middling status who owed obligations to a lord but held land of their own. The earthen banks that enclosed such a homestead were less about military defence and more about marking social and legal boundaries, keeping livestock in and demonstrating that the family within had standing in the community. In local folklore across Ireland, raths are frequently associated with the sídhe, the supernatural inhabitants of the otherworld, and many have survived agricultural clearance simply because farmers were reluctant to disturb them.