Ringfort (Rath), Lissaniska, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Lissaniska, Co. Mayo

What survives at Lissaniska is less a monument than a faint impression, a ghostly outline pressed into pasture on a low ridge in County Mayo.

The rath here has been levelled, its earthworks reduced to something that only careful looking will reveal: a roughly circular area, measuring approximately 40.6 metres north to south and 44.5 metres east to west, just barely distinguishable from the surrounding farmland. A gap of around five metres on the eastern side may be the last readable trace of the original entrance, a threshold that once led into an enclosed settlement of some consequence.

A rath is an Early Medieval ringfort, typically a circular area enclosed by one or more earthen banks with accompanying ditches, used as a farmstead or high-status residence between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. The Lissaniska example, as recorded on Ordnance Survey maps from both 1838 and 1917, was a substantial one: a circular embanked enclosure some 45 to 50 metres in diameter, reinforced by a significant earthen bank, an external fosse (a defensive ditch), and possibly a second outer bank beyond that. The ridge position is telling. Extensive views in all directions would have been as useful for the daily management of livestock and land as for any more defensive purpose. Beneath the interior, local knowledge points to the presence of a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber of the kind frequently found within ringforts, likely used for storage or as a place of refuge. That subterranean element, still unexcavated and out of sight beneath the grass, means the site holds considerably more than its levelled surface suggests.

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