Of the Cramers whose literacy was recorded, 72.4% could both read and write, 4.6% could read but not write, and 23% could do neither. Men came out slightly ahead, 73.8% reading and writing against 71.1% of women. Bear in mind these figures include young children; the census itself only counted people aged nine and over when calculating illiteracy, on the grounds that it was unfair to label a child illiterate before they'd had a chance to learn.