Of the Jacks whose literacy was recorded, 90% could both read and write, 0.3% could read but not write, and 9.6% could do neither. Women came out slightly ahead, 92.7% reading and writing against 87.4% of men. Bear in mind these figures include young children; the census itself only counted people aged nine and over when calculating illiteracy, on the grounds that it was unfair to label a child illiterate before they'd had a chance to learn.