Ringfort (Rath), Killeen, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Ringforts
What makes this particular corner of Killeen quietly remarkable is not any single monument but the sheer concentration of them.
Within a radius of roughly 400 metres, at least three other earthwork enclosures survive alongside this ringfort, suggesting that the low ground here was once a settled, organised landscape rather than empty countryside between one farmstead and the next. A ringfort, or rath, is the most common monument type in Ireland, a roughly circular enclosure formed by an earthen bank and outer ditch, used during the early medieval period as a farmstead and its immediate enclosure. There are tens of thousands recorded across the island, yet clusters of this density still prompt the question of what drew people so persistently to one small area.
This example was already being mapped by the Ordnance Survey in 1839, recorded on the first edition six-inch sheet as a roughly circular enclosure of about 32 metres in diameter, a measurement confirmed when the map was revised in 1900. When an inspector visited in November 1955, the earthwork was described in Office of Public Works correspondence as a reasonably good ringfort with a single bank and ditch, heavily overgrown with briars, but with a bank that remained fairly high and massive. That language, almost casual in its terseness, nonetheless conveys something intact enough to read clearly in the field after more than a millennium. The neighbouring monuments, two further ringforts to the north-east and west-north-west and an enclosure to the south-west, were presumably contemporary with it in broad terms, though whether the people who used them knew one another, competed with one another, or represented successive generations on the same land is a question the earthworks themselves cannot answer.