Enclosure, Physicianstown, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
A field in Physicianstown, Co. Kilkenny holds the ghost of a monument that no longer exists above ground.
Where a rath once stood, a circular earthwork roughly 50 metres across that local tradition knew as "the Forth", there is now only farmland. The site was levelled in 1955, and yet it has not entirely disappeared; from the air, the outline of the enclosure persists as a cropmark, the faint biological memory of a fosse, the ditch that would originally have defined the rath's perimeter, showing through in the differential growth of whatever is planted above it.
A rath is a ringfort, the most common monument type in the Irish countryside, typically a circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used as a farmstead during the early medieval period. This one appears on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1839 as a circular feature, though by the time of the 1948 revision it was being recorded as irregular in shape, suggesting that agricultural pressure had already begun to soften and distort its outline before the final levelling came. O'Kelly, writing in 1969, noted the local placename association, that people in Physicianstown still called the rath "the Forth", a common Hiberno-English term derived from the Irish word for a fort and still used in parts of the country to describe these ancient enclosures. The satellite cropmark also reveals two additional features close by: a small pond or quarry immediately to the north-northwest, and a slightly larger one to the south. The Kings River runs roughly north to south about 150 metres to the west, a detail that fits a familiar pattern of early settlement choosing ground near water without being directly exposed to it.