Ringfort (Rath), Glanballyma, Co. Kerry
Co. Kerry |
Ringforts
On a south-facing pasture slope in Glanballyma, County Kerry, there is a ringfort that exists almost entirely on paper.
The earthwork, roughly oval in plan and measuring approximately 34 metres north to south and 28 metres east to west, was clear enough when the first Ordnance Survey teams came through in 1841, and still traceable on the revised 25-inch map of 1892. By 1985, when the site was visited for field survey, nothing remained visible above ground.
What makes the earlier maps particularly interesting is a detail on the 1841 six-inch sheet: a marking labelled simply as a "cave" within the western part of the interior. That label almost certainly refers to a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber built during the early medieval period, typically used for storage or as a place of refuge, and frequently associated with ringforts across Ireland. The 1892 map adds further complexity, showing an internal field boundary cutting across the enclosure on an east-west line just south of centre, along with what appears to be a mound and a linear feature in the southern half. A modern field boundary running through the interior is the likely explanation for why the earthen bank that once enclosed the site has been so thoroughly levelled; centuries of agricultural activity, hedging, and drainage work have a way of erasing even substantial earthworks.
The ringfort itself belongs to a category of monument, the rath, that was once extraordinarily common across Ireland. These were enclosed farmsteads of the early medieval period, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth century, built by a single family or household and defended by one or more earthen banks and ditches. That this one, along with its probable souterrain, has left no surface trace does not mean the archaeology is gone entirely, only that it lies beneath the grass, waiting for the right conditions to reveal it again.