Slab-lined burial, Belladooan, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Burial Sites
On the summit of a low ridge running north-east to south-west above the Belladooan River in County Mayo, sand quarrying in the 1930s broke open a small cluster of graves that had lain just thirty centimetres beneath the surface.
Three stone-lined burials, a type sometimes called a cist, in which a body is enclosed within upright slabs to form a stone box, were exposed in two separate episodes of quarrying. Two came to light in 1931, lying parallel to one another about three metres apart and aligned east to west, and a third appeared in 1938 roughly six metres away. All three were built from thin slabs of a material described as greenstone, a stone not commonly found in the surrounding area, which raises the quiet question of how and why it was brought there.
The grave that drew particular attention was small and precise: roughly 1.8 metres long, 0.35 metres wide, and 0.3 metres deep, with three upright slabs forming each long side and a single slab closing each end. There were no roof slabs remaining, and the archaeologist Morris, who recorded the find in 1932, suggested the grave may originally have been covered with timber rather than stone. When opened, it contained only sand and no skeletal remains or grave goods. Its neighbour, by contrast, held an extended skeleton laid out with the head to the west, and it was from a bone sample taken from this burial that radiocarbon dating, carried out in the 1990s, produced a date range centring on the late Iron Age or Early Medieval period, somewhere between roughly AD 256 and AD 640. That span places these graves in a transitional era in Irish history, when older burial customs were beginning to give way to Christian practice, and east-west grave alignment was becoming more common.
Nothing of the graves themselves survives today. The site on the esker ridge, which is a long, winding mound of sand and gravel deposited by glacial meltwater, is now marked only by old quarry pits several metres across and about two metres deep, heavily overgrown. The act of discovery was also the act of destruction, which gives the place an unintentional kind of melancholy. A small group of people, buried with some care in imported stone on a glacial ridge above a Mayo river, were lost again almost as soon as they were found.
