Road - class 2 togher, Ballybeg, Co. Tipperary

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Road – class 2 togher, Ballybeg, Co. Tipperary

Beneath the fields of Ballybeg in County Tipperary, a road has been quietly waiting in the peat for an unknown number of centuries.

It is a togher, a type of ancient trackway built from timber laid directly into bogland to allow passage across otherwise impassable wet ground, and it stretches for roughly 40 metres in a northwest to southeast line across three fields, its wooden timbers preserved by the very conditions that would have made the ground treacherous in the first place.

The togher came to light during a peatland survey carried out in 2006 by Archaeological Development Services, with findings reported by Whitaker. It was visible in drain faces as well as on the field surface, which allowed surveyors to examine it at three separate points. At its southeastern end, the structure was tightly laid, composed of parallel longitudinal roundwood elements, the individual timbers placed just two to ten centimetres apart, with one piece identified as ash. Fifteen metres further northeast, the togher widened considerably and included a concentration of brushwood on its eastern side, oriented differently from the main trackway, possibly the remains of a separate structure altogether. Wood identified here included both ash and pine. At the northwestern end, only two roundwood elements survived at the surface, in very poor condition, one of them identified as yew. The variation in width across the three recorded points, ranging from 0.32 metres to 2.5 metres, hints at either a complex construction history or repairs and additions made at different times. The underlying peat, a mix of Sphagnum moss, Calluna, and Eriophorum, the heather and cottongrass typical of Irish bogland, helped lock the structure in place. The northernmost point had suffered damage from machine activity before it could be properly recorded, a reminder of how quickly these fragile structures can disappear once the peat that protects them is disturbed.

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