Road - class 3 togher, Ballybeg, Co. Tipperary

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Road – class 3 togher, Ballybeg, Co. Tipperary

Beneath a field in Ballybeg, County Tipperary, a road lies buried under a metre of peat.

It is not a road in any modern sense, but a togher, an ancient timber trackway of the kind that Irish bog-builders once laid across waterlogged ground to make passage possible where the earth could not otherwise bear weight. What makes this one quietly remarkable is the precision with which it was constructed and the precision with which it was later found, exposed not by excavation but by the cut face of a drainage drain, where its cross-section could be read almost like a diagram.

A peatland survey carried out in 2006 by Archaeological Development Services recorded the structure in considerable detail. The togher had two distinct layers. At its base, eleven lengths of roundwood had been laid longitudinally, well compacted, running northeast to southwest; this substructure measured 1.8 metres wide and 0.3 metres deep. Above it, a superstructure of regularly laid light brushwood had been packed in, particularly dense at the centre, bringing the overall width to 2.8 metres and adding a further 1.1 metres of depth. The whole thing was in moderate preservation. Above the structure, a layer of pool moss, that is, the slow-accumulating residue of a wet bog surface, extended 8 metres in length and 0.75 metres deep, sealing the trackway beneath it. The surrounding peat was poorly humified Sphagnum, the pale, spongy bog moss that tends to form in wetter, less decomposed conditions, mixed with heather and cottongrass, a combination that points to an open, wet bogland environment at the time of the togher's use.

The structure was visible in the drain face about a metre below the present field surface. It is the kind of site that rewards close attention to agricultural drainage cuts in boggy ground, where the sudden appearance of compacted timber in section can signal something far older than the field above it.

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