Ringfort (Rath), Crohane, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Crohane, Co. Tipperary

On a west-facing slope in the uplands of County Tipperary, a conifer plantation quietly obscures something far older: an early medieval ringfort whose enclosing bank and outer ditch have survived, in places, remarkably well.

The conifers were planted in the early 1900s, filling the interior and casting the kind of shade that discourages the casual glance. A small quarry, roughly four by seven metres and sunk about a metre and a half into the ground, occupies the north-western interior, suggesting that at some point after the fort's original use, the site was put to far more prosaic purposes. Animal burrows along the southern face of the bank have caused some damage, the slow work of generations of rabbits or foxes gradually unpicking what centuries of weather left alone.

A ringfort, or rath, is an enclosed farmstead of the early medieval period, typically dating from around the fifth to the twelfth century. Most consist of a circular earthen bank, sometimes reinforced with stone, surrounding a domestic area where a farming family would have lived and kept livestock. This example at Crohane has an internal diameter of roughly 29 metres north to south and 32 metres east to west, enclosed by an earth and stone bank that still stands to an external height of 1.7 metres. Outside the bank, traces of a fosse, the surrounding ditch that provided both material for building the bank and an additional barrier, survive from the northern arc around to the east. The possible entrance appears at the south-east, where a two-metre causewayed gap interrupts the bank, a causeway being a raised crossing left uncut across the fosse to allow access. A later livestock gap, wider and less formal, was cut into the bank at the north-west. Fifty metres to the south-south-east, a linear earthwork or sunken road runs on a north-east to south-west axis, hinting that the wider landscape around the fort was itself organised and traversed in ways that have mostly faded from view.

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Pete F
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