Ringfort (Rath), Raheen, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Ringforts
At Raheen in County Tipperary, the past has been quietly quarried away.
Within the interior of a large early medieval ringfort, a substantial pit measuring roughly eight metres by twenty metres and sunk to a depth of one and a half metres was cut into the western quadrant, extracting stone that was then, apparently, used to reinforce the very enclosure surrounding it. The result is a slightly paradoxical piece of field archaeology: an ancient boundary that may owe part of its surviving stonework to the act of digging into its own interior.
A ringfort, sometimes called a rath, is a circular or near-circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen or stone banks, typically used as a farmstead during the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. This example is a large one, with an internal diameter of around sixty to sixty-three metres, enclosed by a bank of earth and stone that still reaches a height of up to a metre on the exterior in its better-preserved stretches to the south and west. Along the northern arc, the bank has been largely worn down to a low scarp, and only at the north is there any trace of an outer fosse, the shallow ditch that would originally have reinforced the enclosure's boundary. A possible entrance gap about three metres wide survives at the south-south-west, with a narrower livestock gap in the north-west section. What makes the site genuinely unusual is the evidence for later use and modification. A drystone wall sits along the top of the bank on the western side, running parallel to a corresponding line of stone that together appear to have formed a roadway giving access to the quarry pit inside. In other words, someone at some point after the ringfort was built used the enclosure's own bank as part of an extraction operation, probably removing loose stone from the interior and consolidating it along the western edge in the process. The bank in other sections remains largely earthen with only some stone included, underlining that the stonework along the west is anomalous and likely secondary.
The fort sits on a north-facing slope of gently rising ground, with reclaimed grassland underfoot and wetter, unreclaimed land stretching away to the north. The contrast in terrain is itself informative: the choice of this particular slope, sheltered from the south by higher ground and bounded by marshy land to the north, reflects a pattern of early settlement that favoured defensible positions with controlled access to varied land types.