Ringfort (Rath), Brittas, Co. Tipperary

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Brittas, Co. Tipperary

A low earthen enclosure sitting on a gentle ridge in County Tipperary turns out to be rather more complicated than it first appears.

The Rock of Cashel, that extraordinary cluster of medieval ecclesiastical buildings rising from the plain, is clearly visible about one and a half kilometres to the south-east, which gives this otherwise unremarkable patch of grassland an unexpected sense of orientation. That proximity is not incidental: the landscape around Cashel is dense with early medieval activity, and this small earthwork is part of that pattern.

The enclosure is what surveyors classify as a ringfort or rath, the most common monument type in Ireland, typically dating from the early medieval period and used as a farmstead enclosed by one or more earthen banks. This one measures roughly 26 metres north to south and 35 metres east to west, and its shape has caused some puzzlement. The first Ordnance Survey mapping from 1840 recorded it as circular, while the revised edition of 1906 shows it as roughly D-shaped, which is how it appears on the ground today. Whether the shape changed physically in that interval, or whether the earlier surveyors simply approximated, is not clear. The surrounding bank contains a notably high proportion of stone, and is accompanied by a fosse, a surrounding ditch, which reaches its greatest depth in the southern quadrant and effectively disappears from view on the northern side. There are two gaps in the bank: one to the west, at about 1.7 metres wide and facing a second possible ringfort only 15 metres away, which may represent the original entrance; and a wider break of 3.1 metres near the north-east corner of the eastern quadrant, where a possible causeway crosses the fosse. The two enclosures sitting in such close proximity to one another is itself unusual and raises questions about whether they were in use simultaneously or represent successive phases of occupation on the same ridge.

The interior and the bank surface are buried under grass hummocks, scrub, and brambles, which makes the earthwork difficult to read from within. A small area of the fosse in the south-west quadrant shows signs of past quarrying. The monument is fenced to the north and west by a wooden fence strung with electric wire, a reminder that the surrounding land remains actively farmed.

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