Enclosure, Lissava, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Lissava, Co. Tipperary

At Lissava in County Tipperary, an enclosure roughly 67 metres across once occupied a natural rise on the western edge of a broad ridge, looking down towards a stream.

Today there is nothing to see at ground level; the earthworks have been entirely absorbed into reclaimed pastureland. The site's existence is known almost entirely from maps and the sky.

When the Ordnance Survey produced its first six-inch maps in 1840, the enclosure appeared as a large, roughly circular feature, intact enough to be recorded in full. By the time the second edition was surveyed in 1906, only the southern half remained visible; the northern portion had already been levelled, most likely through agricultural improvement in the intervening decades. What the ground could no longer show, however, aerial photography eventually revealed. An aerial photograph taken on 16 July 1989 captured a cropmark, the kind of subtle variation in crop growth or soil colour that betrays buried features to a camera above, tracing the outline of a curvilinear enclosure defined by a fosse, which is a defensive or boundary ditch, with hints of an incomplete outer fosse along the north-east side. That second, partial ditch suggests the enclosure may have been planned or begun with an additional circuit of earthworks that was never finished, or was dismantled before it could be completed. Circular enclosures of this kind, sometimes called raths or ring-forts, are among the most common class of early medieval monument in Ireland, typically interpreted as enclosed farmsteads or places of settlement, though their precise function and date vary considerably from site to site.

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Pete F
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