Ringfort (Rath), Kilballygorman, Co. Tipperary

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilballygorman, Co. Tipperary

At Kilballygorman in County Tipperary, an early medieval ringfort and a disused quarry have become so entangled with each other that it is now difficult to say where one ends and the other begins.

The quarry, encroaching from the north, has consumed most of what was once a roughly circular enclosure measuring around 32 metres east to west. The southwestern interior is heaped with upcast material thrown up during quarrying, and the whole site, both the ancient earthwork and the industrial scar beside it, has since been swallowed by dense scrub.

A ringfort, or rath, is one of the most common monument types in the Irish landscape: a circular enclosure defined by an earthen or stone bank, typically built during the early medieval period as a farmstead and a marker of status. At Kilballygorman, the surviving fragment of bank still shows its original scale reasonably well, with a base width of around four metres and an external height of over a metre and a half, though the western section has been considerably flattened over time. Older Ordnance Survey mapping at the 25-inch scale records a wide fosse, the defensive ditch that would originally have run around the outside of the bank, curving around nearly the full circuit of the enclosure. No trace of it is visible on the ground today. What does survive in good condition, incongruously, is a large limekiln sitting at the mouth of the quarry to the north. A limekiln is a stone-built furnace used to burn limestone into quicklime, which was then spread on fields to improve soil or used as a building material; the presence of one here ties the quarrying activity directly to agricultural improvement, most likely in the eighteenth or nineteenth century. The result is a site where the remnants of an early medieval farmstead and the infrastructure of post-medieval land management occupy the same small, overgrown slope, each having damaged or obscured the other in different ways.

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