Enclosure, Kilmore, Co. Tipperary

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Kilmore, Co. Tipperary

In a field near Kilmore in County Tipperary, there is an enclosure that nobody has ever walked around and knowingly said so.

It exists, for most practical purposes, only from above. The roughly triangular outline, somewhere between thirty and thirty-five metres across and softened at each corner into a curve, shows up not as a bank or a wall but as a cropmark, the kind of faint discolouration in growing vegetation that reveals buried earthworks when conditions are just right. What defined it originally was a fosse, a cut ditch surrounding the enclosed area, which has since been ploughed or silted into near-invisibility at ground level while remaining legible to a satellite camera reading differences in soil moisture and crop height.

The enclosure was identified and reported by Jean-Charles Caillère, working from satellite imagery. The Brackford river runs roughly east to west about two hundred and fifty metres to the south, which is a typical relationship between early enclosures and water sources in the Irish landscape. More striking is the local density of similar features: another cropmark enclosure lies roughly a hundred and forty-five metres to the south-south-east, and a third sits around two hundred metres to the south-west. Three enclosures within a few hundred metres of one another suggests this small stretch of Tipperary farmland was once a good deal busier than it looks today, though the notes do not specify dates or function for any of them. Enclosed sites of this general type in Ireland range from prehistoric farmsteads to early medieval ringforts, and without excavation the chronology here remains open.

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Pete F
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