Road - class 3 togher, Pallasboy, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Roads & Tracks
Beneath the cut-away peatlands of Toar Bog in County Westmeath, a medieval road has been slowly dissolving back into the ground.
It was not built of stone or gravel but of branches, a technique known as a togher, in which layers of brushwood and small roundwood timbers were laid across wet or boggy terrain to create a stable surface for travel or transport. Toughers of this kind are among the oldest forms of engineered road in Ireland, and they survive only because the acidic, oxygen-poor conditions of bogland can preserve organic material for centuries.
This particular togher came to light during a 2013 peatland survey and was subsequently excavated under licence. A fragment of willow recovered from the structure was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating, a technique that measures the decay of carbon-14 in organic material to establish age, and returned a date range of AD 995 to 1153, placing its construction somewhere in the late Viking Age or early medieval period. The road ran in a broadly north-south orientation and was between roughly 1.9 and 2.24 metres wide, traced for ten metres along the surface of the production field. It was composed of densely packed brushwood and occasional larger roundwood pieces, some up to just over two metres in length, laid two to three elements deep, with lighter material forming the base layer. The wood species used were varied, including alder, ash, birch, hazel, oak, pomoideae (a grouping that includes apple, hawthorn, and rowan), and willow. Several pieces showed clear signs of deliberate working, cut into chisel or wedge shapes with flat facets, and some supporting pegs were present to hold the structure in place. A comparable togher recorded nearby, catalogued as WM039-406, shares a similar date and construction method, raising the possibility that the two form sections of the same extended route across the bog.
