Road - class 3 togher, Pallasboy, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Roads & Tracks
Beneath the industrial peatlands of Toar Bog in County Westmeath, a medieval road lay undisturbed for the better part of seven centuries before a drain cut through it and brought it back into view.
What emerged was a togher, the Irish term for a timber trackway laid across boggy or waterlogged ground, in this case a modest but well-preserved stretch of brushwood and roundwood running east to west across the bog. It was traced for a length of thirteen metres before it disappeared again into the peat.
Excavations carried out under licence in 2014 revealed that the togher was not a single construction but two distinct layers of timber, each separated by a deposit of peat, suggesting the road had been repaired or rebuilt at some point rather than laid down all at once. The lower layer was the more densely packed of the two, composed of alder, ash, birch, hazel, and pomoideae species (a grouping that includes crab apple, hawthorn, and rowan) arranged in tight formation. Above it, separated by peat, lay a looser arrangement of hazel and birch brushwood, thinner and more fragmentary. Both layers were in reasonably good condition, and several of the timber pieces showed worked ends shaped to a chisel point with simple flat facets, indicating they had been deliberately prepared and placed rather than simply thrown down. A fragment of birch from the site was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating, a technique that measures the decay of carbon isotopes to establish age, and returned a calibrated date of between 1297 and 1402, placing the togher firmly in the late medieval period. The whole structure was sealed above and below by poorly humified peat, the kind that breaks down slowly and preserves organic material unusually well, which accounts for the condition of the wood after so long underground.
