Road - class 3 togher, Pallasboy, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Roads & Tracks

Road – class 3 togher, Pallasboy, Co. Westmeath

Beneath the worked-over surface of Toar Bog in County Westmeath, a medieval road once crossed the wetland.

Not a road in any sense a modern traveller would recognise, but a togher, a timber trackway laid across boggy ground to make passage possible where otherwise it would not be. The particular type recorded here, a class 3 togher, is characterised by longitudinal roundwood elements, essentially small logs and branches laid lengthways along the direction of travel, sometimes with brushwood packed beneath or alongside for additional support. What survives at Pallasboy is fragmentary and battered, exposed on the field surface and damaged by the machinery of industrial peat extraction, but it is enough to read the basic intention: someone, sometime in the fifteenth century, needed to move through this bog and laid timber down to do it.

The trackway was identified during a 2013 re-assessment peatland survey, which recorded two separate sightings of what are thought to be the sub-structural remains of a single NW to SE orientated route. The first sighting included roundwood and associated brushwood pieces, the longest measuring just under a metre, with diameters ranging from around two to eight centimetres. The second comprised similarly laid roundwood, slightly shorter, in comparably poor condition. Both sets of material sat within poorly humified Sphagnum peat, meaning the bog had not decomposed very far, a condition that tends to preserve organic material well even when mechanical disturbance has taken its toll. A fragment of willow from the site was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating, a technique that can date very small organic samples with considerable precision, and the result placed the wood's felling or use somewhere between approximately 1416 and 1450. That range puts the togher squarely in the late medieval period, a time when the bogs of the Irish midlands were crossed regularly by people whose routes and reasons have otherwise left almost no trace.

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