Ringfort (Rath), Rooskagh East, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A roughly circular patch of marshy pasture on a low Limerick hillside does not announce itself as anything remarkable.
But the slight rise around its edge, the shallow ditch running outside it, and the low bank beyond that ditch are the remains of an early medieval ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead that was the standard unit of rural settlement in Ireland from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. Thousands survive across the country in various states of preservation, and this one in Rooskagh East sits quietly in working farmland, doing what most of them do: enduring.
A ringfort, or rath, was typically a circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, built to protect a family's home and livestock rather than to serve any military function. The Rooskagh East example is modest in scale, measuring approximately 19.2 metres north to south and 20 metres east to west. It is defined by a scarped edge, meaning the ground has been cut back to create a vertical or near-vertical face, standing around 0.8 metres high and a metre wide. Beyond that lies an external fosse, a ditch roughly 0.8 metres deep and 1.7 metres wide, and beyond the fosse a counterscarp bank that rises 1.3 metres on its inner face and 0.5 metres on the outer. The enclosure sits on a north-west facing sloped terrace on the northern side of a low hill, a position that would have offered reasonable drainage and outlook. The site was compiled by Denis Power and uploaded to the record in August 2011.
The interior is level but covered in rough, marshy pasture, and cattle have worn paths across the scarp at the north-west, north-north-west, and east-south-east, which gives a sense of how the site is used today. A field drain running east to west cuts across the enclosing elements between the east-south-east and south-west, truncating part of the earthwork. The earthworks are subtle rather than dramatic, and a visitor approaching without knowing what to look for could easily walk across them without registering the form. The thing to notice is the sequence: interior plateau, then a step down to the ditch, then a low rise of the outer bank. That layering is the whole structure, preserved in grass, still legible after more than a thousand years of farming around and, increasingly, through it.