Ringfort (Rath), Ballinguile, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
On the surface, a gently sloping pasture in Ballinguile, north County Cork, offers little to catch the eye.
But look carefully and the land itself begins to speak: a slightly raised circular platform, roughly 31 metres across from north to south, defined by a low scarp that becomes most legible as you move from north around to the south-southeast. A shallow external fosse, the term for a defensive ditch dug around an enclosure, traces the eastern arc from east-southeast down to the south-southeast, with a faint rise in the ground just beyond it to the southeast. Someone, at some point, also cut a passageway through the southwestern interior, truncating whatever arrangement once existed inside.
This is what remains of a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval settlement in the Irish landscape. Typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, raths were circular enclosures defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, enclosing a farmstead and its associated buildings. The Ballinguile example was already in a diminished state by the mid-nineteenth century, when the first Ordnance Survey mapped it in 1842. The surveyors recorded it as a hachured circular enclosure with a diameter of approximately 40 metres, those hachure marks being the cartographic shorthand of the period for indicating an earthwork or raised feature. The difference between that recorded diameter and the 31 metres now measurable on the ground suggests continued erosion or agricultural encroachment in the intervening period, with the site effectively levelled into the surrounding pasture over time.