Ringfort (Rath), Ballygrace, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
There is nothing left to see at Ballygrace, and yet the field still knows something is there.
A ringfort, or rath, that survived intact through the nineteenth century and most of the twentieth was levelled around 1980, most likely during agricultural improvement works. What had been a circular earthen enclosure roughly 25 metres across, its raised banks sheltering whatever domestic life once played out inside, was flattened into the surrounding tillage. But the ground has not entirely forgotten it.
Ringforts are the most common archaeological monument type in Ireland, numbering in the tens of thousands, and most date from the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They served primarily as enclosed farmsteads, their earthen or stone banks providing a degree of security for a family and their livestock. The Ballygrace example appears on Ordnance Survey six-inch maps from 1842, 1905, and 1937, each time as a hachured circular enclosure, which means cartographers were still marking it as a legible earthwork well into the twentieth century. A field boundary running along its eastern side, visible on the 1905 and 1937 maps, also survives; it curves deliberately to avoid the monument, a small piece of practical respect embedded in the landscape that predates any formal heritage designation.
What makes the site quietly interesting now is what aerial photography has revealed since the levelling. A cropmark of the fosse, the external ditch that would once have reinforced the enclosure's banks, is visible in aerial images running from the south around to the northwest. A fosse at a site like this would originally have been dug to throw up material for the bank, as much as to deter intruders. Even where the ditch itself leaves no trace, the interior of the former enclosure shows up as a lighter patch of crop growth relative to the surrounding barley, a signature of disturbed or differently composed soil beneath. The bare and low patches of barley that mark the site at ground level are the same phenomenon seen from another angle. The monument is gone in any conventional sense, but its outline persists in the biology of the field above it.