Ringfort (Rath), Clogheen, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
Something slightly odd emerges when you compare old maps of this corner of North Cork.
On an 1842 Ordnance Survey sheet, the ringfort at Clogheen appears as a roughly circular enclosure about 50 metres across, with hachured arms reaching westward to meet a roadside fence some 30 metres away, suggesting the site once had an annexe or outwork of some kind connecting it to the surrounding landscape. By the time the 1905 and 1937 editions were drawn, those extending arms had vanished from the record, and the mapped feature had shrunk to a simpler raised circle of around 30 metres. Whatever had been there in between had either collapsed, been cleared, or simply ceased to attract a surveyor's attention.
Ringforts, also known as raths, are roughly circular enclosures defined by earthen banks and ditches, built predominantly during the early medieval period in Ireland, from around the fifth to the twelfth centuries, and used as defended farmsteads by families of varying status. This one sits atop a low hillock in pasture, which was a common choice: the elevation provided both drainage and visibility. The enclosure itself is slightly oval, measuring 29 metres east to west and 27 metres north to south. Its defining feature varies by aspect: a scarp, a near-vertical face cut into the hillside, rises to 1.2 metres along the eastern and north-eastern arc, while an earthen bank elsewhere reaches 1.6 metres on its exterior face. A second, lower bank runs outside the scarp on the western side, its outer face standing to 0.9 metres. The interior is grass-covered today, but was at some point planted with trees; a few of those survive. In the north-eastern quadrant, there is a shallow circular depression about a metre across, the kind of feature that could mark an old post-hole, a collapsed feature, or simply a long-forgotten disturbance.
The western side of the site, where that earlier map showed outward-reaching earthworks, remains the most ambiguous part of the record. Whether those hachured arms on the 1842 map represent a genuine enclosing feature now lost, or a surveyor's interpretation of something already much degraded, is difficult to say at this remove. What the physical remains do preserve clearly is the basic topography of an early medieval farmstead, modest in scale, still legible in the landscape after well over a thousand years.
