Ringfort (Rath), Ballynamona, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballynamona, Co. Cork

What survives at Ballynamona is, in a strict sense, almost nothing: a faint circular rise in undulating pasture, no more than sixty centimetres high, enclosing a roughly circular area some twenty-six metres across.

And yet that near-absence is itself the point. This low earthwork is all that remains of a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the kind of enclosed farmstead that was once one of the most common dwelling types across early medieval Ireland. Tens of thousands were built, and a great many have been reduced, like this one, to little more than a shadow in the grass.

The site was still legible enough in 1842 to be recorded on the first Ordnance Survey six-inch map, where it appears as a neat hachured circle, the convention surveyors used to indicate an enclosed earthwork. By the time the revised maps were produced in 1906 and again in 1934, something had already changed: the depiction shifted, showing a scarp running from east around to the south-west, with a field boundary completing the circuit on the remaining arc. The enclosing bank, in other words, had partly been absorbed into the working landscape of the farm, its western and southern portions surviving only as a field boundary rather than as a recognisable archaeological feature. At some point after those surveys, levelling removed even that, leaving the barely perceptible rise visible today. Roughly a hundred and twenty metres to the east, a second ringfort survives as a separate monument, a reminder that such sites often appear in clusters across the Irish countryside, reflecting the density of early medieval settlement in productive agricultural land.

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