Ringfort (Rath), Bushypark, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Bushypark, Co. Cork

There is something quietly vertiginous about a place that appears on a map as a distinct, named feature and yet offers nothing whatsoever to the eye.

At Bushypark in County Cork, a ringfort of roughly twenty-two metres in diameter once occupied a north-north-west-facing slope in what is now tillage land. Today, there is no visible surface trace. The ground has been worked over, and whatever earthen bank once defined this small enclosure has been levelled entirely into the field.

A ringfort, sometimes called a rath, was a form of enclosed farmstead typical of early medieval Ireland, generally dating from around the sixth to the twelfth centuries. They were defined by one or more circular earthen banks, and many thousands survive across the country in varying states of preservation. This one at Bushypark was still legible enough in 1842 for the Ordnance Survey to record it on their six-inch map as a tree-planted circular enclosure, suggesting the ring of trees that often grew along such earthworks was still intact at that point. By the 1904 revision of the same mapping series, it was rendered in hachures, the cartographic shorthand for a raised earthen feature, but the trees appear to have gone. At some point after that, the bank itself was removed, and the site passed entirely into agricultural use.

What makes this particular spot worth remarking on is partly the clustering of related sites nearby. Another ringfort lies approximately a hundred and fifty metres to the south-west, and two further possible ringforts have been identified to the south-east and east. This kind of loose grouping is not unusual in the Irish landscape, where early medieval settlements sometimes accumulated in productive agricultural areas over generations. The Bushypark example, despite its invisibility on the ground, is at least traceable through two centuries of mapping, a small documentary record of something that took far longer to build than it did to disappear.

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