Ringfort (Rath), Coolmona, Co. Cork

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Ringfort (Rath), Coolmona, Co. Cork

What catches the eye about this site in Coolmona is not the earthwork itself but what was built inside it.

On the 1842 Ordnance Survey six-inch map, a lime kiln sits tucked within the northern bank of a roughly circular enclosure some seventy metres across, a detail that neatly encapsulates how early medieval archaeology and post-medieval rural industry became layered on top of one another in the Irish countryside. A lime kiln was a simple stone furnace used to burn limestone and produce quicklime for agricultural use, and it is the kind of practical, unromantic structure that tends to get overlooked in favour of the older monument it happens to occupy.

The earthwork itself is a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead built predominantly between the sixth and tenth centuries and one of the most common archaeological features in Ireland. Locally it goes by the name "lios", as recorded by Hartnett in 1939, which is the Irish term for such an enclosure and one that persisted in vernacular use long after the sites themselves had fallen out of active function. Roughly half the circuit survives today, a semicircular arc running from the south-east to the north-west, formed by an earthen bank standing 2.15 metres high with an external fosse, or ditch, still measurable at 1.25 metres deep. The original diameter of 69.5 metres corresponds closely to what was mapped almost two centuries ago, suggesting the surviving portion has changed little in the intervening years. The monument sits in pasture, which has probably helped protect what remains of the bank and ditch from more intensive disturbance.

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