Ringfort (Cashel), Derrynagree, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Derrynagree, Co. Cork

In the forestry at Derrynagree in mid Cork, a circular stone enclosure sits quietly beneath the tree canopy, its walls long since collapsed but still legible in the landscape.

This is a cashel, a type of ringfort built from dry-stone rather than earthen banks, and what makes this particular example quietly interesting is the evidence of more than one period of activity written into its fabric. A later wall was added along the south-east to north-east arc, laid on top of the original structure, suggesting the site was not simply abandoned but revisited and modified at some point after its initial construction.

Ringforts, whether built from earth or stone, were the dominant settlement form in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the sixth to the tenth century, though many continued in use or were adapted well beyond that period. They served as farmsteads for individual family groups, the enclosing wall providing protection for livestock and a clear boundary around the household. This cashel measures approximately 21.2 metres north to south and 21.8 metres east to west, making it a fairly modest example. The surviving wall reaches around 0.9 metres in height, which, given that it has collapsed, suggests the original courses were considerably higher. The later addition running from the south-east around to the north-east may reflect reuse of the enclosure for agricultural purposes, or it may point to a second phase of occupation, though the available evidence does not resolve the question.

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