Ringfort (Rath), Bengour, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Bengour, Co. Cork

In the townland of Bengour in West Cork, a roughly circular patch of ground holds the remains of an early medieval enclosure that most people would walk past without a second glance.

What gives it away, if you know what to look for, are the low swells and hollows running through the vegetation: two concentric earthen banks with a fosse between them, the whole thing measuring just over forty metres across. This double-banked arrangement marks it out as a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which was typically the enclosed farmstead of a prosperous family during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries.

The inner bank is the more substantial of the two, rising to just over two metres on its northern side, though it drops to around a metre as it curves southward, where it also widens into a low berm, a flat shelf of earth projecting outward from the base of the bank. The outer bank is considerably slighter at under a metre in height, and the external fosse, a rock-cut or earthen ditch that would have made the whole structure harder to breach, survives to a depth of about eighty centimetres on the eastern and southern sides. Both banks have numerous gaps in them, the result of centuries of agricultural activity, stone-robbing, and gradual collapse. Heavy vegetation has taken hold across the site, which obscures the full extent of the earthworks but also, in a way, preserves them from further disturbance. As a class, ringforts are the most numerous field monument in Ireland, with tens of thousands recorded across the country, yet each one carries the outline of a domestic life that largely went undocumented in any other form.

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