Ringfort (Rath), Kilmoney, Co. Cork

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Ringfort (Rath), Kilmoney, Co. Cork

Sitting quietly in pasture on a north-facing slope at Kilmoney, this rath is the kind of place that rewards a second glance.

A rath is an early medieval ringfort, typically a circular enclosure defined by an earthen bank and ditch, and used as a farmstead by a family of some local standing, probably between the sixth and twelfth centuries. This one is a modest but well-preserved example: a slightly raised circular area measuring roughly thirty metres across, ringed by an earthen bank that stands about 0.7 metres above the interior ground level and rises to 1.7 metres when measured from the base of the external fosse, the ditch that runs around the outside. That fosse still survives to a depth of 0.65 metres, which, given the centuries of weathering and agricultural activity most such sites have endured, is a reasonable survival.

What gives the site a particular point of interest is the souterrain recorded in its interior. A souterrain is an underground passage or chamber, usually stone-lined, constructed beneath or beside the main enclosure. Their precise purpose is still debated, though most archaeologists favour a combination of uses: cool storage for dairy produce, and a place of refuge in times of threat. The entrance to the ringfort itself, about six metres wide, faces roughly west-northwest, with a separate gap noted to the north. That combination of a formal entrance and a secondary gap is fairly typical, though the secondary opening may reflect later agricultural use rather than any original design.

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