Ringfort (Rath), Shanavally, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
A working tillage field in Shanavally, County Cork, contains within it the quiet outline of an early medieval ringfort, its earthen bank still rising to roughly 1.6 metres and its interior regularly turned by the plough.
Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, are roughly circular enclosures defined by one or more banks and ditches; they served as farmsteads for individual families during the early medieval period, roughly 500 to 1000 AD, and are among the most common archaeological monument types in Ireland. What makes this one worth pausing over is the tension between its continued agricultural use and its evident survival: the bank holds, the form persists, and the field simply goes on being farmed around and through it.
The enclosure measures approximately 77 metres east to west and 75 metres north to south, making it a substantial example. A shallow external fosse, essentially a defensive ditch, survives to the east. Three gaps interrupt the bank, one to the north-east at five metres wide, one to the south-east at four and a half metres, and one to the west at five metres, though it is not clear whether any of these represent the original entrance. When the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map was drawn in 1842, the site was recorded with hachures indicating a bivallate enclosure, meaning it then appeared to have two concentric banks rather than one. That outer element has since been lost, likely to the same cultivation that continues today, leaving only the inner bank as a legible trace of what was once a more complex structure.