Ringfort (Rath), Killeen By.), Co. Cork
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Ringforts
A field boundary cuts straight through this ringfort as though the enclosure were simply not there, which tells you something about how long these features have been part of the landscape, absorbed so completely into working farmland that later divisions of the land pay them no particular ceremony.
The rath, a type of ringfort defined by its earthen rather than stone construction, sits on a south-facing slope in pasture in Killeen, County Cork, and its circular form, roughly 22 metres across on the north-south axis, is still clearly legible in the ground despite centuries of agricultural use around and across it.
The earthwork itself is more substantial than a casual glance might suggest. The enclosing bank rises to nearly a metre on its interior face but presents an exterior height of 2.75 metres, the difference reflecting the way the interior has been deliberately built up on the southern side to create a level platform despite the natural fall of the hillslope. This levelling is a common feature of raths built on sloping ground, and it would have made the enclosed space genuinely usable for a farmstead of the early medieval period, when ringforts of this kind were typically occupied, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. Outside the bank, a fosse, the shallow ditch that accompanied most earthen enclosures of this type, runs from the north-north-east around to the south-south-east, and a counterscarp bank, the low outer lip of thrown-up soil on the far side of the ditch, survives along the south-west to north-west arc. An entrance gap about two metres wide opens to the south-south-east. On the western side of the interior, low irregular mounds covered in sod hint at subsurface features whose nature has not been determined, though such humps within ringfort interiors can sometimes indicate collapsed structures or accumulated debris from long occupation.